Noun: Accusative case

MorphologyNoun – Accusative singular

• masc and fem acc endings are identical to the article form except for the initial τ in the article
• The neut nom and acc look the same
• The final ν often marks the sg acc

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MorphologyNoun – Accusative plural

• The masc and fem forms have ς at the end.
• The final vowel (the diphthong -ου) of the masc form is long, so the accent-shifting rules apply (see 3.1.3).
• The fem ending has the characteristic α of the fem pl.
• The neut form is the same in the nom and acc.

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SyntaxBasic Word Order

There is debate within studies on the syntax of NT Greek whether the basic word order is S(ubject)-V(erb)-O(bject) or V(erb)-S(ubject)-O(bject). The notion of “basic word order” is itself difficult to define, and people use it in different ways. Essentially, the basic word order is the order used when no special meaning is conveyed or context does not trigger a change in the order. For an extensive discussion of basic word order in NT Greek, particularly how the S and V are ordered, see Syntax A. In the Biblingo app, most sentences are written as SVO order, but some are written in VSO order (see 7.1.4.2). Grammarians do generally agree, however, that the default order is for accusative O(bjects) to come last in the sentence.

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SemanticsNoun – Accusative Case (1 – Direct object)

The accusative case normally marks the direct object of the sentence. The idea of “objecthood” is a difficult concept to define, but direct objects are normally affected by the action of the verb in some way. To illustrate, in ὁ ἄνθρωπος τύπτει τὴν ἀδελφήν ‘the person is hitting the sister,’ the person being ‘hit’ is in accusative case (the sister), and she is affected by the action of the verb, namely the hitting.

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