Participle: Leluka active

MorphologyParticiple – Leluka active masculine, neuter

• Leluka act masc/neut ptcps combine the Leluka stem, -κότ, and the 3rd declension endings
• In the nom sg and dat pl, the -ς ending causes the τ to drop out, and the o-vowel lengthens in the nom sg (but not in the dat pl), e.g. πεπτωκότς → πεπτωκώς
• The neut nom/acc sg forms have no ending as usual, but they end in ς rather than τ

fromLesson 36.1

MorphologyParticiple – Leluka active feminine

• The Leluka act fem ptcp adds -κυῖ to the reduplicated Leluka stem and then attaches -α 1st declension endings (because of the final ι)

fromLesson 37.2

SemanticsParticiple (8 – Past-in-the-past)

You should remember that the Leluka participle carries its perfect aspect with it. This means that it presents the event as having occurred prior to the reference time:

• (347) Event occurring before the reference time
• ἔλεγον οὖν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι τῷ τεθεραπευμένῳ (John 5:10)
• Therefore the Jews were saying to the one who had been healed

fromLesson 36.1

SemanticsParticiple (9 – Events in passive participles)

In 33.1.3.2, we said that the most common adjectival participles were those in middle or passive voice because these routinely refer to states, which adjectives also refer to. What makes middle or passive participles different from adjectives is that participles always have an event related to the state. The linguistic evidence for this is that we can add the agent in a by -phrase:

• (371) Verbal participle with _by_ -phrase
• καὶ αὐτὸς ἐδίδασκεν ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς αὐτῶν δοξαζόμενος ὑπὸ πάντων (Luke 4:15)
• And he was teaching in their synagogues and was being honored by all

fromLesson 37.2