Verb: middle & passive imperative

MorphologyVerb – 3rd person middle & passive imperative

• The Luo med-psv and Aorist mid forms have the same endings: -σθω in sg and -σθωσαν in pl
• ε precedes the ending in Luo and Efagon, and σα precedes it in Elusa
• The psv endings are -θήτω and -θήτωσαν, which may interact with the stem in various ways (see Phonology B)

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SemanticsVerb – Imperative (6 – Effective)

The uses of the imperative discussed so far have involved someone doing the action expressed by the verb, though what is to be done can be interpreted as a command, request, or suggestion. At other times, the imperative does not describe something to be done but something that should be done by someone else or a wish of the speaker. These uses are commonly found with middle and passive verbs.

The effective use of the imperative is used to describe something being done by virtue of the utterance:

• (458) Effective use of Imperative
• ἄρθητι καὶ βλήθητι εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν (Mark 11:23)

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