Verb: Leluka medio-passive infinitive

MorphologyVerb – Leluka medio-passive infinitive

• Duplication follows the normal rules of Leluka (see 19.1.4.1), and the ending is -σθαι
• The 10 med-psv Leluka infs found in the Bible are δεδέσθαι (Mark 5:4), διεσπάσθαι (Mark 5:4), συντετρῖφθαι (Mark 5:4), οἰκοδομῆσθαι (Luke 6:48), ἀπηλλάχθαι (Luke 12:58), ἀπολελύσθαι (Acts 26:32), γεγενῆσθαι (Rom 15:8), πεφανερῶσθαι (2 Cor 5:11; Heb 9:8), κατηρτίσθαι (Heb 11:3), and κατειργάσθαι (1 Pet 4:3)
• ἀπολελύσθαι represents the normal form with no changes to the stem (απολελυ) + the ending (-σθαι)
• Vowel-contract verbs may lengthen and may not: δεδέσθαι and διεσπάσθαι do not lengthen; οἰκοδομῆσθαι and πεφανερῶσθαι lengthen

fromLesson 51.3

SemanticsVerb – Leluka (Summary with stative predicates)

The uses of the Leluka form discussed so far are as follows: result perfect (19.1.4.2), existential perfect (20.2.3.2), present stative (23.2.3.2), past-in-the-past (31.3.3.3; 36.1.3.2), the universal perfect (38.2.3.2), and completed past event (41.1.3.2). At the end of Semantics C, we showed how the interpretation of Leluka was influenced by the meaning of the predicate with which it combined, and we said that the meaning of the form is not that the ET precedes the RT, but that the RT is found within some eventive-stative pair. Those interested in a more in-depth discussion of the meaning of the Leluka form can review that section.

Here, I present all the different interpretations of Leluka when it combines with stative predicates. I have argued elsewhere that the Leluka form may have originally been a stativizer (Grasso 2025).4 This has led, I believe, to it being compatible with many different interpretations with stative predicates, since forms typically add more interpretations before they lose others. Indeed, stative predicates can receive an existential, pure state, universal, and possibly even a perfective interpretation:

fromLesson 51.3