Verb – Perfect/Leluka plural

ObjectivesLearning objectives

• The morphology and irregular forms of the pl Leluka form
• The semantics of the existential use of the Perfect

VocabularyVocabulary

Noteοἶδα

The verb οἶδα ὅτι ‘(I) know that’ is in the Leluka form. As learned in this lesson, a stem’s final consonant may cause the κ in the Leluka ending to drop out. This occurs in οἶδα where the final δ makes the κ drop. The rest of the paradigm is regular (the reduplication of Leluka is embedded in the initial οι-).

MorphologyMorphology: Verb – Perfect/Leluka plural

• Remember: The Leluka endings are identical to Elusa, but with a κ instead of a σ (see 19.1.4.1)
• The 3pl ending is -κασι(ν) instead of -σαν like Elusa 3pl

• Many consonants, like γ, φ, θ, ν, χ, and some consonant pairs cause the κ in the ending to drop out

• Sometimes a vowel is added to the stem, so the κ does not drop out, e.g. μανθάνω > μεμάθηκ α

SemanticsSemantics: Verb – Leluka (2 – Existential perfect)

Verb – Leluka: all 5 parts on one page →Also in Lesson 19.1, Lesson 23.2, Lesson 38.2, Lesson 41.1

In 19.1.4.2, we said that the result state reading of Leluka is associated with verbs that encode results. However, Leluka need not take verbs with result states:

• (169) State (without a result)
• ἐγὼ πεπίστευκα ὅτι σὺ εἶ ὁ χριστὸς (John 11:27)
• I have believed that you are the Christ

The verb πεπίστευκα refers to a state. There is no necessary result to having come into the state of believing. In contrast, a verb like δέδωκα ‘have given’ must involve someone in possession of something new on account of the giving event happening. The use exemplified by John 11:27 has been called the existential perfect. It means that the event or state existed at some point prior to the time being talked about. Martha’s statement in John means that at some point prior to the present, she came to believe that Jesus was the Christ.