Verb – Aorist passive plural

ObjectivesLearning objectives

• How to add the augment to particle verbs
• The morphology of pl Aorist Passive verbs
• The use of the passive for describing entrance into a state

VocabularyVocabulary

NoteParticle verbs with the augment

The Aorist of ἀποκρίνομαι is ἀπεκρίθην where the final ο in ἀπό drops out and is replaced by the augment. Prepositions that end in vowels normally have the final vowel drop out (though the preposition περί, covered in 22.4.3, retains its final vowel). Other prepositions may interact differently with the augment. Most prepositions that end in consonants, such as εἰς and πρός, have the augment inserted between the verb stem and preposition, e.g. προση υξάμην. Other prepositions like ἐκ have a change in the final consonant, e.g. ἐξέ λεξάμην (the Aorist of ἐκλέγομαι).

MorphologyMorphology: Verb – Aorist passive plural

• The pl Aorist psv is formed by combining θη (see 17.1.4.1) with the pl person endings from the act Elusa form (see 14.1.3.1)

• Aorist -βαίνω verbs (e.g. ἀναβαίνω) and γινώσκω have the same person endings as the Aorist psv without the θη and attached to the stems βη and γνω (these are also called athematic 2nd Aorist verbs; see 13.1.3)
• Aorist of γινώσκω = ἔγνων, ἔγνως, ἔγνω, etc.

SemanticsSemantics: Verb – Passive (2 – Change of state)

Verb – Passive: all 4 parts on one page →Also in Lesson 17.1, Lesson 35.2, Lesson 37.1

When we introduced the passive, we said that the subject is affected by the action of the verb in some way, but this is a very broad criterion. One specific way the subject could be affected is by entering a new state. The contrast between the two verbs of sleeping καθεύδω and ἐκοιμήθην exemplify this. While the former refers to the state of being asleep, the latter normally refers to falling asleep, and it is commonly used as a euphemism for dying: