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Chapter 35 · Lesson 35.2 · Verb
Verb – Aorist passive subjunctive
ObjectivesLearning objectives
- The morphology of the Aorist passive subjunctive
- The syntax of passive double-accusative verbs
VocabularyVocabulary
| Greek | Gloss | Part of speech | Paradigm |
|---|---|---|---|
| ἡ ἀνάγκη, -ης | the obligation | noun | B.a.α.i |
| ὁ παῖς, παιδός | the boy | noun | B.a.γ.iv |
| ὁ ἀλέκτωρ, -ορος | the rooster | noun | B.a.γ.vi(c) |
| ἕνεκέν τινος | on account of something (gen) | preposition | |
| ῥήγνυμί τινα | (I) tear something/one (acc) | verb | C.a.ε |
| κατέρχομαι εἰς τόπον | (I) go down to a place (acc) | verb | C.a.α |
Table 302 (continued)
MorphologyMorphology: Verb – Aorist passive subjunctive
- The Aorist psv subj combines the Aorist stem, the psv θ, and the act subj endings (see 28.1.4.1)
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st | λυθ-ῶ | λυθ-ῶμεν |
| 2nd | λυθ-ῇς | λυθ-ῆτε |
| 3rd | λυθ-ῇ | λυθ-ῶσι(ν) |
SyntaxSyntax: Verb – Passive (3 – Double accusatives)
Verb – Passive: all 4 parts on one page →Also in Lesson 17.1, Lesson 18.1, Lesson 37.1
We have noted that some verbs, like ποτίζω and διδάσκω, can take two accusative arguments, a recipient and a theme (the thing that the recipient is receiving) (20.1.3.2). When these verbs are passivized, it should in theory be possible to have either the recipient or the theme become the subject, but in practice, it is almost always the recipient:
καὶ πάντες ἓν πνεῦμα ἐποτίσθημεν
And we all were made to drink one spirit (1 Cor 12:13)
The one who gave the drink is not expressed in the clause because it would be the subject in the active verb ποτίζω. The recipient would be ‘us’, and this becomes the subject. The second accusative, the ‘drink’ given (which is here metaphorically represented by ἕν πνεῦμα) remains in the accusative, so this is a rare case of a passive verb with an accusative object.
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New Testament text shown on hover: Greek from the SBLGNT, © 2010 Society of Biblical Literature and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0; English from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain).