Chapter 35 · Lesson 35.4 · Pronoun

Pronoun – Reflexive plural

2 min read3-question quiz

ObjectivesLearning objectives

  • The morphology of the pl reflexive pronoun
  • The reflexive pronoun in reciprocal and possessive constructions

VocabularyVocabulary

GreekGlossPart of speechParadigm
ἡ πορνεία, -αςthe fornicationnounB.a.α.ii
ἐπαγγέλλομαί σοι ὅτι(I) promise you (dat) thatverbC.a.ι
δουλεύω τινί(I) serve something/one (dat)verbC.a.α
κρείττων, -ονοςbetteradjectiveB.a.γ.vii(a)
ἔχω ὦτα(I) have earsphrase
ἔχω κοίτην(I) am pregnantphrase

MorphologyMorphology: Pronoun – Reflexive plural

  • 1st, 2nd, and 3rd person reflexive pronouns have the same form in the pl
  • The forms are the same as the 3s pronoun (see 34.3.3.1), but with pl endings
Morphology: Pronoun – Reflexive plural
Masculine pluralFeminine pluralNeuter plural
Genitiveἑαυτ-ῶνἑαυτ-ῶνἑαυτ-ῶν
Dativeἑαυτ-οῖςἑαυτ-αῖςἑαυτ-οῖς
Accusativeἑαυτ-ούςἑαυτ-άςἑαυτ-ά

SemanticsSemantics: Pronoun – Reflexive (Reciprocal and possessive)

Third person plural reflexives are found in some contexts where they seem to be interpreted differently than anaphors referring back to another element in the clause. First, they can be used in what looks like reciprocal constructions meaning ‘each other’ (on which, see 47.4.3):

Example 344Reciprocal use of reflexive

The disciples were astonished λέγοντες πρὸς ἑαυτούς [saying to themselves] (Mark 10:26)

Both the reciprocal ‘each other’ and the reflexive ‘themselves’ would refer to the same event, since each individual disciple is speaking to the rest of the group and not literally to himself. This use of the reflexive is only found in the plural where the event engaged in would be done to the entire group. This does not necessarily mean that the reflexive is a reciprocal here – it only means that the plural reflexive does not require that the action of the verb be done to oneself, but to one member of the group.

The reflexive also seems to be interpreted like a possessive at times. In this use, the reflexive pronoun refers to possession as contrasted with what could be someone else’s, meaning something like ‘their own’:

Example 345Possessive use of reflexive

Most of the crowd strewed ἑαυτῶν ἱμάτια ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ [their own clothes in the road] (Matt 21:8)

In theory, they could have covered the road with clothes they had gotten from someone else, but the use of the reflexive makes it clear that they did not just have anyone’s clothes in their hands – the real owners of the clothes strewed their own clothes. Thus, this use signals some contrast between what we think the possessive relationship could be (as in merely holding clothes) with what the possessive relationship really is (as in actually owning clothes).

Lesson 35.4 quiz

Check your understanding

3 questions · self-graded

  1. 1In the plural, which reflexive form serves as the masculine accusative for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd person alike?
  2. 2In 'Most of the crowd strewed ἑαυτῶν ἱμάτια ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ' (Matt 21:8), how is the reflexive used?
  3. 3What does the phrase ἔχω κοίτην mean?

End of Chapter 35Take the Chapter 35 exam10 questions covering all 4 lessons in this chapter

Become a fluent reader of the biblical languages

Biblingo is the only language-learning app (mobile and web) that provides everything you need to go from zero knowledge of Greek, Hebrew, and Latin to reading the Bible in its original and historic languages — all in one place.

Start Free Trial

New Testament text shown on hover: Greek from the SBLGNT, © 2010 Society of Biblical Literature and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0; English from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain).