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Front matter
Introduction Glossary
- Compositionality – A fundamental semantic principle that states that the meaning of a complex expression is equivalent to the meaning of its individual components and how they combine.
- Diphthongs – A string of two vowels that form one complex sound. The Greek diphthongs are: αι, αυ, ει, ευ, ηυ, οι, ου, υι, ωυ.
- Grapheme – A written symbol that stands for a meaning-sound pair.
- International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) – An alphabet used in linguistics that allows linguists to distinguish all speech sounds in any human language. Phonetic transcriptions are written in brackets, e.g. [b], and phonemic transcriptions are written between slashes, e.g. /b/.
- Morpheme – The smallest meaningful unit in language, e.g. cats is composed of two morphemes, since both cat and - s contribute to the meaning of the whole word cats.
- Morphology – The study of morphemes, meaningful units in language.
- Phonetics – The study of the physical characteristics of sounds.
- Phonology – The study of how sounds interact with one another in a language’s sound system.
- Pragmatics – The study of how utterances are used to create meaning in particular contexts.
- Semantics – The study of meaning in language, especially meaning components that affect truth-conditions.
- Syntax – The study of how morphemes are ordered in a language.
- Truth-conditions – The conditions under which a statement is true or not.
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