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Chapter 31 · Lesson 31.1 · Participle
Participle – Elusa middle
ObjectivesLearning objectives
- The morphology of the Elusa middle participle
- The semantics of middle verbs and changes of state
VocabularyVocabulary
| Greek | Gloss | Part of speech | Paradigm |
|---|---|---|---|
| ἄνωθεν | from above | adverb | |
| ὅστις, ἥτις, ὅ τι | whoever | noun | 46.3.3.1 |
| ἡ ἄμπελος, -ου | the grapevine | noun | B.a.β.i |
| παρίστημί σοί τινα | (I) present you (dat) something/one (acc) | verb | C.a.ε |
| ἐπιλαμβάνομαί τινος | (I) take hold of something/one (gen) | verb | C.a.α |
| προσκαλεῖ σε | (he) summons you (acc) | verb | C.a.β |
MorphologyMorphology: Participle – Elusa middle
- Remember: mid ptcps add -μεν- to the stem, with case, gender, and number endings (see 20.3.3.1)
- The typical ‘-σα-’ of Elusa is placed before the -μεν-
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative singular | γευ-σάμεν-ος | γευ-σαμέν-η | γευ-σάμεν-ον |
| Genitive singular | γευ-σαμέν-ου | γευ-σαμέν-ης | γευ-σαμέν-ου |
| Dative singular | γευ-σαμέν-ῳ | γευ-σαμέν-ῃ | γευ-σαμέν-ῳ |
| Accusative singular | γευ-σάμεν-ον | γευ-σαμέν-ην | γευ-σάμεν-ον |
| Nominative plural | γευ-σάμεν-οι | γευ-σάμεν-αι | γευ-σάμεν-α |
| Genitive plural | γευ-σαμέν-ων | γευ-σαμέν-ων | γευ-σαμέν-ων |
| Dative plural | γευ-σαμέν-οις | γευ-σαμέν-αις | γευ-σαμέν-οις |
| Accusative plural | γευ-σαμέν-ους | γευ-σαμέν-ας | γευ-σάμεν-α |
SemanticsSemantics: Verb – Middle (3 – Change of state)
Verb – Middle: all 4 parts on one page →Also in Lesson 23.1, Lesson 24.1, Lesson 33.2
Middle verbs often have a change of state interpretation. For example, the middle verb κοιμᾶται ‘fall asleep’ refers to the change from not sleeping to sleeping, but the active verb καθεύδω refers to the state of sleeping:
Λάζαρος ὁ φίλος ἡμῶν κεκοίμηται (John 11:11)
Lazarus, our friend, has fallen asleep
Although middle verbs will not always entail a change of state, this is a common use (see Syntax B for further discussion).
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New Testament text shown on hover: Greek from the SBLGNT, © 2010 Society of Biblical Literature and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0; English from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain).