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Verb · Grammar concept
Verb: Elusa middle
Elusa middle is a verb topic in Koine (biblical) Greek. This page gathers its forms, paradigms, and function, drawn from the lessons of Reading Greek Deeply.
MorphologyVerb – Elusa middle
- Instead of theme vowels of the Efagon mid (see 23.1.3.1), σα is placed between the person endings and the stem.
- In the 2s form, the σ of the -σο ending (see 21.3.3.1) has dropped out, and the α and ο have contracted, e.g. σασο → σαο → σω.
- The Elusa mid of verbs you have already seen are given here:
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | ἐ-γευ-σάμην | ἐ-γευ-σάμεθα |
| 2nd person | ἐ-γεύ-σω | ἐ-γεύ-σασθε |
| 3rd person | ἐ-γεύ-σατο | ἐ-γεύ-σαντο |
| Luo | Elusa middle | Luo | Elusa middle | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐνδύω | ἐνεδυσάμην | 8 | δέχομαι | ἐδεξάμην |
| 2 | γεύομαι | ἐγευσάμην | 9 | εὑρίσκω | εὑράμην |
| 3 | ἅπτομαι | ἡψάμην | 10 | βαπτίζω | ἐβαπτισάμην |
| 4 | ἐργάζομαι | εἰργασάμην | 11 | χαρίζομαι | ἐχαρισάμην |
| 5 | παύω | ἐπαυσάμην | 12 | καταρτίζω | κατηρτισάμην |
| 6 | ἀσπάζομαι | ἠσπασάμην | 13 | κόπτω | ἐκοψάμην |
| 7 | εὔχομαι | εὐξάμην |
fromLesson 24.2
SemanticsVerb – Aorist (5 – Past after verb of speaking)
We said that the Aorist encodes tense, so it specifies a relationship between the time of speaking and the reference time, the time we are talking about (see 5.1.3.2 and Semantics C). However, it is well-known that a variety of factors may change the time of speaking, including after verbs of speaking or believing:
- (212) Changed speech time after verb of believing
- πιστεύετε ὅτι ἐλάβετε (Mark 11:24)
- Believe that you received
fromLesson 24.2
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New Testament text shown on hover: Greek from the SBLGNT, © 2010 Society of Biblical Literature and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0; English from the Berean Standard Bible (public domain).